Uterus ( Rahim ) Miyomları
General Information
Treatment of Fibroids
Myomectomy
- Medication
- Surgical Method
Uterine Fibroids
• Uterine fibroids (benign tumors) are the most common disease in women. They are particularly common in young women in their early reproductive years. Most women with fibroids experience no symptoms, but approximately 30-40% of women with fibroids experience severe and distressing symptoms.
The most important complaints related to myomas are:
• Excessive bleeding during menstrual period.
• Anemia: Weakness and easy fatigue.
• Severe abdominal pain (especially during menstrual periods). However, if the fibroids have grown too large, pain may also occur outside of menstrual periods.
• Large fibroids: Pressure and pain in the abdomen are experienced. Because fibroids that develop on the anterior uterine wall press on the urinary tract, these patients experience a frequent urge to urinate. Furthermore, because large fibroids press on the intestines, constipation is common in these patients.
• Infertility: Myomas can often lead to infertility.
• The fibroids gradually increase in size as women age until menopause. If a woman enters menopause, these fibroids disappear on their own.
• However, in a very small number of women (0.5-1%), it can develop into a malignant uterine tumor called sarcoma during and after menopause. Uterine fibroids, in particular, can cause very heavy menstrual bleeding. Furthermore, intrauterine fibroids both prevent pregnancy and increase the risk of miscarriage in pregnant women. Uterine fibroids should always be considered if a woman experiences recurrent miscarriages.
Treatment of Fibroids
Drug Therapy:
• Fibroids can never be eliminated with medication. However, some medications can suppress further growth of fibroids, but medication does not provide a definitive solution.
Surgical Method
• Myomectomy: Removal of myomas and closure/tying of the vessels feeding the uterus (Uterine Artery).
• Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus.
Myomectomy:
• Especially in young women and those who desire a baby, myomectomy surgery is necessary to remove fibroids and preserve the uterus. Regardless of the number and size of fibroids, the uterus must be preserved. However, very rarely, some women may develop a malignant uterine tumor called a sarcoma. Because sarcomas are difficult to treat, removal of the uterus may be necessary in these cases.
• Myomectomy is performed through open surgery or laparoscopy (Closed Surgery).
• If fibroids develop within the uterus (uterine cavity), they are removed vaginally using a hysteroscope, electrocautery, or laser. Pregnancy is permitted after three months. This means patients can attempt pregnancy three months after hysteroscopy. However, patients who undergo open myomectomy can attempt pregnancy after one year.
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